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[مشرفة المنتديات النسائية]

The Features of the Month of Ramadan, the Virtues of Fasting, its Benefits and Etiquettes

All praise is to Allah, the Owner of favor, success and bestowal who legislated for His slaves the month of Ramadan to observe Saum (fasting) and Qiyâm (standing to pray at night) [Tarâwîh] once a year. He تعالى made it one of the pillars of Islam and one of its great bases .It purifies souls from sins and evil acts. Peace and blessings be upon the one whom Allah chose to clarify the rulings of Islam; and selected to convey His legislation to humanity. He was then the best in standing (praying at night) and in observing fasting; in fulfilling the Message and standing firm and upright. Peace and blessing are upon his sincere Family, respectable Companions and those who follow their footsteps continually and with perfection.
Indeed Allah تعالى prescribed fasting for all the nations even if it differed in way and time. Allahتعالى says:
﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ﴾ [البقرة: 183]
“O you who believe! Observing Saum (the fasting) is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may become Al-Muttaqûn (the pious)” [Al-Baqarah (The Cow): 183]. In the second year of Hegira, Allah prescribed definitely the fasting of Ramadan on the Ummah (nation) on the adult Muslim. If he is a healthy resident, observing Saum (fasting) will be compulsory; and as long as he is ill, he will be obliged to make up with the missed days. And so for the menstruating woman or one in post-partum bleeding. If one is a healthy traveler, he will choose between observance and making up. Indeed, Allah enjoined him to observe the fasting of the whole month from the start to the end and fixed him the beginning of fasting with an apparent limit, known by all; it is the sight of the crescent-moon or the completion of Sha ̀bân (30 days). So the Prophet said:
«لاَ تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوُا الْهِلاَلَ، وَلاَ تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ، فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ»
“Do not observe Saum (fast) till you see the crescent-moon of Ramadan, and do not break Saum (fast) till you see the crescent of Shawwâl, and if the sky is overcast, then estimate it (Sha ̀bân) as 30 days.”[1]
As He تعالى fixed the beginning of fasting to him with clear and evident limits. He made the start of observing fasting with the rise of the second dawn and limited its ending with the sunset within His statement:
﴿وَكُلُواْ وَاشْرَبُواْ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّواْ الصِّيَامَ إِلَى الَّليْلِ﴾ [البقرة: 187]
“And eat and drink until the white thread (light) of dawn appears to you distinct from the thread (darkness of light), then complete your Saum (fast) till the nightfall).” [Al-Baqarah (The Cow): 187]. With this way and time, the obligation of observing fasting of Ramadan is prescribed definitely in Allah’s statement:
﴿فَمَن شَهِدَ مِنكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ﴾ [البقرة: 185]
“So whoever of you sights (the crescent on the first night of) the month (of Ramadan, i.e. is present at his home), he must observe Saum (fasts) that month.” [Al-Baqarah (The Cow): 185]. Observing fasting during Ramadan became one of the pillars of Islam. Therefore, whoever belies its duty and denies its obligation is an apostate cast out of the fold of Islam. If he repents, it will be accepted from him. If he does not repent, he is to be killed as a disbeliever. And whoever admits that it is obligatory and break his fasting deliberately, without any excuse commits, then, a major sin and a manifest evil act and deserves censure and deterrence.
Allah has distinguished the month of Ramadan from the other months of the year with a number of features. He تعالى marked the observance of its fasting from the acts of worship with several virtues, benefits and etiquettes.
The Features of the Month of Ramadan:

Among the features of this sacred month are:
- Observing Saum (fasting) during Ramadan: It is the fourth pillar of Islam and one of its significant bases, according to statement of the Prophet:
«بُنِيَ الإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ: شَهَادَةِ أَن لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ الله، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولَ الله، وَإِقامِ الصَّلاةِ، وَإيتَاءِ الزَّكاةِ، وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ، وَحَجِّ البَيْتِ الحَرَامِ»
“Islam is based on five [principles]: 1. The Shahadah (testimony): La Ilâha Illa Allâh Muhammad R***ûl Allâh (None has the right to be worshiped but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah) . Iqâmat –as- Salât (to offer the compulsory congregational prayers dutifully and perfectly). 3. To pay Zakât (mandatory charity). 4. To observe Saum [fast (according to Islamic teachings)] during the month of Ramadan. And 5. to perform hajj (i.e. pilgrimage to the House of Allah in Mecca.”[2].
It is known in religion as a necessity and one the duties enjoined by Allah تعالى, according to the consensus of the scholars of Islam.
- The obligation of fasting Ramadan is an individual obligation based on Allah’s statement:
﴿فَمَن شَهِدَ مِنكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ﴾ [البقرة: 185]
“So whoever of you sights (the crescent on the fist night of) the month (of Ramadan i.e. is present at his home), he must observe Saum (fasts) that month.” [Al-Baqarah (The Cow): 185].
- The Revelation of the Qur ́an in this month to bring people out from darkness into light and guide them to the way of truth and to the right path, to keep them away from wrong ways and error and to enlighten them with religious and worldly matters with what ensures them happiness and success in the present life and in the Hereafter. Allah تعالى says:
﴿شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِيَ أُنزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِّنَ الْهُدَى وَالْفُرْقَانِ﴾ [البقرة: 185]
“The month of the Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur'ân, a guidance for mankind and clear proofs for the guidance and the criterion (between right and wrong).” [Al-Baqarah (The Cow): 185].
- The gates of Paradise are opened for a large number of lawful good deeds during this month, which are required to the access to Paradise; and the gates of Hellfire are closed for the short number of sins and evil acts leading to Hellfire.
- In Ramadan, devils are chained and tied. So, they fail to lead obedient people astray and turn them from the good righteous deeds. The Prophet said:
«إِذَا جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ فُتِّحَتْ أَبْوَابُ الْجَنَّةِ وَغُلِّقَتْ أَبْوَابُ النَّارِ وَصُفِّدَتِ الشَّيَاطِينُ»
“When (the month of) Ramadan begins, the gates of Paradise are opened and the gates of Hell are closed and the devils are chained up.”[3]
- Allah تعالى has people He frees from the Hellfire in this month based on his statement:
«إِنَّ للهِ تبارك وتعالى عِنْدَ كُلِّ فِطْرٍ عُتَقَاءَ مِنَ النَّارِ وَذَلِكَ في كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ»
“Allah has people whom He redeems from Hell upon every Fitr (breaking the fast) and that is every night.”[4].
- Forgiveness is attained with the observance of Saum (fasting) during Ramadan with sincere faith for this duty and seeking reward upon it to Allah تعالى, according to the Prophet's statement:
«مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ»
“Whoever observed fasting in Ramadan with perfect and seeking reward, he will have his previous sins forgiven.”[5].
- Performing Tarâwîh prayers (optional prayer) is desirable, following the Prophet who aroused the interest in Qiyâm (standing to pray) by saying:
«مَنْ قَامَ رَمَضَانَ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ»
“Whoever stood to pray (Tarawîh) in Ramadan with perfect faith and seeking reward, he will have his previous sins forgiven.”[6]
- There is a night in this month, which is better than a thousand months, and standing to pray in that night is required for forgiveness. The Prophet said:
«إنَّ هَذاَ الشَّهْرَ قَدْ حَضَرَكُمْ وَفِيهِ لَيْلَة خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ مَنْ حُرِمَهَا فَقَدْ حُرِمَ الخَيْرَ كُلَّهُ وَلاَ يُحْرَمُ خَيْرُهَا إِلا مَحْرُومٌ»
“This month (of Ramadan) approaches you. There in is a night which is better than a thousand months, whoever is deprived of it, is deprived of all goodness. Only Mahrûm (unlucky) misses its goodness.”[7] He also said:
«مَنْ قَامَ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ»
“Whoever performs Qiyâm during Lailat Al-Qadr (Night of Decree) with Faith and being hopeful of Allah's reward, will have his former sins forgiven.”[8]
- Fasting Ramadan to the next Ramadan expiates the minor sins and evils on condition that major sins are avoided. The evidence is his statement:
«الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ، وَالْجُمُعَةُ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ، وَرَمَضَانُ إِلَى رَمَضَانَ، مُكَفِّرَاتٌ ما بَيْنَهُنَّ إِذَا اجْتُنِبَتِ الْكَبَائِرُ»
“The five daily (prescribed) Salât, and Friday (prayer) to the next Friday (prayer), and the fasting of Ramadan to the next Ramadan are expiations of the sins committed in between them, as major sins are avoided.”[9]
Indeed, among the other most prominent beneficial event that took place in Ramadan was the Great Battle of Badr in which Allah separated the truth from falsehood. So, Islam and its people triumphed and Shirk (polytheism) and its adherents were defeated therein, that was in the second year of Hegira. The conquest of Makkah happened in this month as well; and people entered in Allah's religion in crowds. Shirk (polytheism) and idolatry were eradicated by Allah's تعالى favor. Thus, Makkah became the house of Islam after it had been a stronghold of Shirk and polytheists. That was in the eighth year of Hegira. The Muslims won the Battle of Hittîn in Ramadan 584 A.H and the crusaders were crushed there[10]. They took back Al-Qods (Jerusalem) and they also vanquished the Tartar armies in ̀Ayn Jâlût, where the events of that decisive battle occurred in Ramadan 658. A.H[11].
This is a summary of the features of the month of Ramadan and its several virtues and blessings. All praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds.
The Virtues of Fasting:

As for the virtues of fasting, there are many. Among them:
- The rewards of good deeds are multiplied; and their increasing number is not restricted. While other good deeds multiply the reward by ten to seven hundred, according to what the two sheikhs (Al-Bukhâri and Muslim) reported from the hadith of Abu Hurayra who said:
«كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابْنِ آدَمَ يُضَاعَفُ الْحَسَنَةُ بعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ إِلَى مَا شَاءَ اللهُ يقُولَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: إِلاَّ الصِّيَامَ فَإِنَّهُ لِى وَأَنَا أَجْزِى بِهِ يَدَعُ شَهْوَتَهُ وَطَعَامَهُ وَشَرَابَهُ مِنْ أَجْلِى، لِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ فَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ فِطْرِهِ وَفَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ لِقَاءِ رَبِّهِ، وَلَخُلُوفُ فَمِ الصَّائِمِ عِنْدَ اللهِ أَطْيَبُ مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ»
“The Messenger of Allah said: ‛Every (good) deed of the son of Âdam is multiplied in reward from ten to seven hundred times to what Allah may will’. Allah تعالى will say: ‛The reward of observing Saum (fasting) is different from the reward of other good deeds. Saum (fasting)is for Me, and I Alone will give its reward. The person observing Saum abstains from p***ion, food and drink only for My sake’. The fasting person has two joyous occasions, one at the time of breaking his fast, and the other at the time of greeting his Rabb (Lord). Surely the breath which issues from the mouth of the fasting person is better smelling to Allah than the fragrance of musk.” [12]. It becomes evident from this hadith that Allah تعالى has made fasting peculiarly to Himself from the rest of the good deeds and He has distinguished it by multiplying the reward as it as previously mentioned – and that sincerity in observing fasting is deeper in it than other (good) deeds, according to the Prophet statement:
«تَرَكَ شَهْوَتَهُ وَطَعَامَهُ وَشَرَابَهُ مِنْ أَجْلِي»
“He left his p***ion, food and drink only for My sake”. Allah will take care of the reward of the fasting person who will get joy in the world and the Hereafter; a praised joy that occurs upon the obedience of Allah تعالى as the Ayah (verse) refers to:
﴿قُلْ بِفَضْلِ اللهِ وَبِرَحْمَتِهِ فَبِذَلِكَ فَلْيَفْرَحُواْ﴾ [يونس:58]
“Say; ‛In the Bounty of Allah, and His Mercy (i.e. Islam and the Quran); there let them rejoice.’ That is better than what (the wealth) they am***”. [Yûnus (Jonah): 58]. It is worth stating from this hadith that the results arising from the obedience of Allah are loved to Him تعالى as the change of the smell of the fasting person's mouth happens because of the observance of fasting.
-Among the virtues of fasting is that it will intercede for the slave of Allah on the Day of Resurrection. It will shield him against sins and harmful desires and will protect him from Hellfire. The Prophet said:
«الصِّيَامُ وَالْقُرْآنُ يَشْفَعَانِ لِلْعَبْدِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَقُولُ الصِّيَامُ: أَي رَبِّ مَنَعْتُهُ الطَّعَامَ وَالشَّهَوَة فَشَفِّعْنِى فِيهِ. وَيَقُولُ الْقُرْآنُ: مَنَعْتُهُ النَّوْمَ بِاللَّيْلِ فَشَفِّعْنِى فِيهِ. قَالَ فَيُشَفَّعَانِ»
“Fasting and the Quran will intercede for the slave on the Day of Resurrection. Fasting will say: ‛O Lord, I deprived him of his food and his desire, so let me intercede for him.’ And the Quran will say: ‛I deprived him of his sleep at night, so let me intercede for him.’ Then they will intercede.” [13]
He said:
«الصِّيَامُ جُنَّةٌ، وَحِصْنٌ حَصِينٌ مِنَ النَّارِ»



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